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This phenomenon, called occasion setting, is central to the development and modulation of fear. We conducted a human fear conditioning study of Pavlovian occasion setting using traditional.


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Classical conditioning data show that a conditioned stimulus (CS) can act either as a simple CS—eliciting conditioned responses (CRs) by signaling the occurrence of an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)—or as an occasion setter—controlling the responses generated by another CS. In this article, the authors apply a simple extension of a network model of conditioning, originally presented by N.


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An occasion setter is a stimulus that modulates the ability of another stimulus to control behavior. A rich history of experimental investigation has identified several important properties that define occasion setters and the conditions that give rise to occasion setting.


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Occasion setting refers to the ability of one stimulus, an occasion setter, to modulate the efficacy of the association between another, conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) or reinforcer. Occasion setters and simple CSs are readily distinguished. For example, occasion setters are relatively immune to extinction and.


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Occasion setting as a learning process can be distinguished from simple conditioning in a number of ways (Fraser & Holland, 2019; Trask et al., 2017), though we will focus on the ones


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This concept is known as occasion setting, and it refers to how contextual cues can influence a person's behaviour. The idea of occasion setting was first introduced by Ivan Pavlov, who found that dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell if it was paired with food repeatedly. This same principle can be applied to humans.


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Because the idea that occasion setting might reflect the contribution of configural cues (e.g., Wilson and Pearce, 1989; Brandon and Wagner, 1998; Wagner and Brandon, 2001) rather than the.


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Importantly, negative occasion setting reflects a form of learning that is not readily accounted for by standard models of associative learning [e.g., 5]. Indeed, there are currently several different theories that have been proposed to explain negative occasion setting [e.g., 3, 6-10]. Moreover, only a few studies have considered the brain.


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Occasion setting is a form of hierarchical learning involving associative and nonassociative processes. Occasion setters are discrete stimuli or contexts that disambiguate Pavlovian and/or operant relations. In cases where stimuli or responses are "sometimes" associated with biologically relevant events, occasion setters can provide.


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Occasion setting refers to the ability of 1 stimulus, an occasion setter, to modulate the efficacy of the association between another, conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) or reinforcer. Occasion setters and simple CSs are readily distinguished. For example, occasion setters are relatively immune to extinction and.


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Occasion setting refers to the ability of 1 stimulus, an occasion setter, to modulate the efficacy of the association between another, conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) or reinforcer. Occasion setters and simple CSs are readily distinguished. For example, occasion setters are relatively immune to extinction and counterconditioning, and their combination and transfer.


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Occasion Setting 19 sion setter in an FP or FN discrimination should only modulate responding to its original target cue, apart from any stimulus generalization between the original and test targets (Fig. 7C,D). Several experiments (e.g., Holland, 1986b, 1989a, 1989d; Lamarre & Holland, 1987),using a variety of conditioning preparations, showed.


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Occasion setting refers to the ability of 1 stimulus, an occasion setter, to modulate the efficacy of the association between another, conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) or reinforcer. Occasion setters and simple CSs are readily distinguished. For example, occasion setters are relatively immune to extinction and.


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Author(s): Fraser, Kurt M; Holland, Peter C | Abstract: Occasion setting refers to the ability of 1 stimulus, an occasion setter, to modulate the efficacy of the association between another, conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) or reinforcer. Occasion setters and simple CSs are readily distinguished. For example, occasion setters are relatively immune to extinction and.


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An occasion setter is a stimulus that modulates the ability of another stimulus to control behavior. A rich history of experimental investigation has identified several important properties that define occasion setters and the conditions that give rise to occasion setting. In this paper, we first consider the basic hallmarks of occasion setting in Pavlovian conditioning.


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Occasion setting refers to the ability of 1 stimulus, an occasion setter, to modulate the efficacy of the association between another, conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) or reinforcer. Occasion setters and simple CSs are readily distinguished. For example, occasion setters are relatively immune to extinction and.